Communicable diseases like malaria, cholera and polio have become manageable due to recent advancements in medicines. However a new breed of diseases has developed, called ‘Lifestyle diseases’ such as heart disease, some cancers and diabetes, which are no longer a problem just in wealthy nations. Globally 14.2 million people between the ages of 30-69 years die prematurely each year from these diseases. These diseases have emerged as bigger killers than infectious or heridetary ones. Risk factors for these diseases include tobacco use, unhealthy diets and physical inactivity. Today we will take look at the most common lifestyle diseases that you need to take seriously
1. Obesity
Unhealthy eating habits, super-sizing meals, and reduced physical exercise all translate to obesity. A person with excessive weight suffers with breathing problems, blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, etc.
The NFHS figures suggest that currently India ranks second with 155 million obese citizens and are increasing at 33-51% every year
2. Type II diabetes
Obesity becomes the cause for other health problems such as Type II Diabetes which is the non-insulin dependent form, and generally develops in adults.
The International Diabetes Federation suggests that India has the largest number of people who suffer with type 2 diabetes at around 40.9 million people
3. Arteriosclerosis
This is a group of diseases that occur when the arterial blood vessel walls thicken and lose elasticity.
Atherosclerosis is when fatty plaques deposit in the arterial walls and cause blood circulation disorders, chest pain, and heart attacks. It is linked with diabetes, obesity and a high BP.
Around 30% to 40% of cardiovascular deaths happen in India among the age group of 34-64 years of age
4. Heart disease
This refers to abnormalities that affect the heart muscle and blood vessel walls. The major factors involved in its development are smoking, diabetes and high cholesterol intake.
India ranks No.1 in cardiac patients, around 50 million people in India suffer from heart problems
5. High blood pressure
When the reading is 140/90 or higher, the BP is considered to be high. Hypertension results from a variety of reasons like stress, obesity, genetic factors, overuse of salt in the diet and ageing.
In India, more than 100 million people have high blood pressure
6. Swimmer's ear
Swimmer's ear is inflammation, irritation, or infection of the outer ear and ear canal. Buzzing or ringing ears, or difficulty in understanding speech patterns are its symptoms.
Swimmer’s ears results due to loud music and constant use of headphones.
An estimated of 12.5% have suffered permanent damage to their hearing in India from excessive exposure to noise, and the number is growing each year.
7. Cancer
Cancer includes any hysterical, irregular cell growth. The types of cancer could include lung cancer due to prolonged smoking, skin cancer due to too much exposure to the sun etc.
Cancer killed almost 5,56,400 people across the country in 2011
8. Stroke
A stroke results when a blood vessel carrying blood to the brain has a blockage, thus creating an oxygen deficiency for the area of the brain it was carrying it to.
Indian studies have shown that about 10% to 15% of strokes occur in people below the age of 40 years
9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
This is a disease described by a progressive, permanent obstruction of the airways. Smoking and air pollution are factors as well as reasons for worsening of this condition.
Percentage of adults diagnosed with COBD in the past year: 4.3 million
10. Cirrhosis
Cirrhosis refers to a group of liver disorders. Heavy alcohol consumption and chronic hepatitis may be listed as causes.
In India, approximately 36,149 people die each year due to cirrhosis.
11. Nephritis
This includes kidney disease characterized by swelling of the kidneys and abnormal function.
Around 39,480 deaths are estimated due to nephritis each year in India.
Jumapili, 22 Juni 2014
MAAMBUKIZI YA NJIA YA MKOJO (URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS -UTIs)
Neno U.T.I si geni masikioni mwa wengi, kwani ni wengi leo utawasikia “naumwa U.T.I”. Japo si wote hulitumia kisahihi. Wengine wana tatizo ambalo ni tofauti na U.T.I, lakini anaweza akaenda hata duka la dawa na kuomba apatiwe dawa za U.T.I. Leo nimeona tubadilishane elimu juu ya hili tatizo, angalau kila mmoja awe na uelewa U.T.I ni nini hasa, inasababisha na nini, na ni jinsi gani anaweza kujikinga.
U.T.Is, ni kifupisho cha Urinary Tract Infections, ambayo kwa lugha yetu ni maambukizi ya njia ya mkojo. Kama linavyojieleza, kwamba maambukizi ni lazima yawe ni kwenye njia ya mkojo ndipo tunaita ni U.T.I, na si pengine popote. Una uchafu unatoka ukeni, hiyo ni kitu kingine tofauti nk. Tunapozungumzia njia ya mkojo, ni kutoka eneo la nje hadi kwenye kibofu, na kutoka kwenye kibofu hadi kwenye figo.
Kama maambukizi yako eneo la kutoka kwenye kibofu hadi kwenye figo(ikihusisha na figo pia), inaitwa Lower Urinary Tract Infect. Na ikihusisha eneo la juu ya kibofu, inaitwa Upper Urinary Tract Infection.
Tatizo hili huwapata wote, wanaume na wanawake. Lakini huwapata zaidi wanawake kutokana na tofauti za kimaumbile. Hii ni kwa sababu kuu mbili, i)njia ya haja ndogo ya mwanamke iko jirani zaidi na njia ya haja kubwa ambapo vijidudu vingi visababishao U.T.I ndipo vinapoishi, ii) mrija wa mkojo (urethra) wa mwanamke ni mfupi ukilinganisha na wa mwanaume, hivyo kufanya iwe rahisi kwa maambukizi kufika kwenye kibofu kwa mwanamke kuliko kwa mwanaume.
Visababishi
Tatizo hili husababishwa kwa kiasi kikubwa na bacteria ambao makazi yao ya kawaida utumbo mpana, na hivyo huwa wanapatikana pia kwenye haja kubwa, mfano Escherichia coli na wengineo. Pia, linaweza likasababisha na ‘fungus’ na visababishi vingine, japo ni mara chache sana.
Vihatarishi na Njia ya Maambukizi
a)Kwa wanawake
• Kujamiiana –hii huweza kuamisha bacteria walio kwenye uume moja kwa moja, ama watokanao na maambukizi ya ukeni kuingia moja kwa moja njia ya mkojo
• Kuchezea ama kuchezewa na mikono michafu maeneo ya uke kunaweza kusababisha maambukizi
• Njia mbaya ya kujisafisha baada ya haja kubwa au ndogo inaweza kuhamisha bacteria walio ktk njia ya haja kubwa na kuingia njia ya mkojo
• Matumizi ya pedi za kike zenye kemikali ya kukata harufu ambao huua bacteria wa asili wa eneo la uke na kukaribisha bacteria wanaosababisha maradhi kuzaliana kwa wingi
Vifuatavyo pia vinaweza vikachangia
• Ujauzito –mara nyingi hushusha kinga ya mwili ya mjamzito
• Upungufu wa homon ya ya kike Oestrogen husababisha bacteria wasababishao U.T.I kuzaliana kirahisi
b)Kwa wanaume
• Matatizo ya tezi ya kiume(prostate) mabapo husababisha mrija wa mkojo kuziba, ama kutopitisha mkojo vizuri na kuruhusu bacteria kujenga makazi
• Kutotahiriwa, ambapo nyama ya mbele inaweza kuhifadhi bacteria wasababishao U.T.I
• Kujamiiana kinyume cha maumbile huingiza kirahisi bacteria walio njia ya haja kubwa kwenye njia ya mkojo
• Kujamiiana bila kinga na mwanamke ambaye ana maambukizi ukeni
• Kuwa na VVU ambapo hupunguza uwezo wa mwili kupambana na maambukizi
c)Kwa wote
• Kutokunywa maji na vinyaji kwa wingi –kunywa maji mengi husababisha mkojo kuzalishwa kwa wingi, na kukojoa mara kwa mara na hivyo kusafisha njia ya mkojo
• Kuwekewa mirija inayosaidia kutoa mkojo nje inaweza pia kukaribisha maambukizi
• Matatizo ya figo na mengine kwenye njia ya mkojo yanayoweza kuziba njia ya mkojo
• Kisukari ambapo hudhoosha kinga ya mwili na pia kuharibu mfumo wa figo wa uchujaji
Dalili za U.T.I
a) Kwa eneo la chini la njia ya mkojo
i. Hali ya kujisikia kutaka kukojoa muda wote
ii. Maumivu, au hali ya kujisikia kuchoma choma wakati wa kukojoa
iii. Kukojoa mara kwa mara na mara zote mkojo ni mdogo
iv. Mkojo unaweza kuonekana una ukungu, na mara nyingine unatoa harufu kali
v. Maumivu ya nyonga kwa wanawake
vi. Maumivu ya rektamu(rectum) kwa wanaume
vii. Na mara nyingine damu kwenye mkojo
b) Kwa eneo la juu la njia ya mkojo
i. Maumivu ya tumbo(hasa eneo la juu kwa pembeni –chini ya mbavu)
ii. Homa kali
iii. Kutetemeka na kujihisi baridi
iv. Kichefuchefu na /au kutapika
Vipimo na matibabu
Mara nyingi kipimo cha mkojo kinaweza kuonyesha tatizo.
Matibabu ni antibiotic baada ya daktari kubaini tatizo
Madhala yatokanayo na U.T.I isipopata tiba sahihi
• Inaweza ikasababisha maambukizi makubwa ya figo(pyenephritis) ambayo yanaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa figo na hivyo kutishia maisha
• Kwa wajawazito inaweza kuhatarisha maisha ya wote mama, na motto aliye tumboni
• Bakteria wanaweza kuingia mfumo wa damu na kusababisha ama kwenda kusababisha madhala mengine
• Inaweza kusababisha shinikizo la damu kuwa kubwa kwenye figo na hata kusababisha ufanyaji wa kazi mbovu wa figo
Tiba mbadala nyumbani kabla ya kumwona daktari
Unaweza kutibu, ama kupunguza tatizo nyumbani kabla ya kumwona daktari pale uonapo dalili ya awali ya U.T.I, ambayo ni maumivu na kuchomachoma wakaji wa kukojoa. Fanya yafuatayo
i. Kunywa maji mengi hasa saa 24 za kwanza baada ya kuona dalili. Hii itasaidia kuzalisha mkojo kwa wingi na kusafisha njia ya mkojo
ii. Kojoa mara kwa mara na hakikisha ni hadi mkojo unaisha ili kibofu kiwe tupu
iii. Kwa maumivu ya mlango wa mkojo, oga na kuosha kwa maji ya moto, kutapunguza maumivu
Njia za Kujikinga na U.T.I
Kunywa maji na vinywaji kwa wingi kila siku. Hii itakusaidia ukojoe mara kwa mara na kutoruhusu bacteria kujenga makazi kwenye njia ya mkojo
Kojoa kila ujisikiapo mkojo na usiubane kwa muda mrefu
Kwa wanawake
Nenda ukakojoe mara tu umalizapo tendo la kujamiiana. Hii itasaidia kutoruhusu bacteria kuingia na kujenga makazi kwenye njia ya mkojo.
Badili pedi mara kwa mara uwapo hedhini
Epuka kujisafisha ukeni na maji yarukayo kwa kasi, pia epuka kupilizia marashi ukeni, ama kutumia pedi zenye kemikali ya kukata harufu. Hizo huua bacteria wa asili wa ukeni hali ambayo hukaribisha bacteria wa maradhi kuzaliana kwa wingi
Ujisafishapo baada ya kujisaidia anzia mbele kwenda nyuma kuepusha kuhamisha bacteria walio eneo la haja kubwa kuingia njia ya mkojo
Kwa wale walio katika kipindi cha ukomo wa hedhi, wanaweza kushauliana na daktari juu ya kutumia oestrogen ya ukeni kuwasaidia kujikinga na maambukizi
Kwa wanaume
Kuhakikisha maeneo ya ncha ya uume ni masafi mara zote, hasa ikiwa hujatahiriwa kuepusha kujihifadhi na kuzaliana kwa vijidudu visababishao maradhi.
Kondom wakati wa kujamiiana nayo ni kinga nzuri
WASILIANA NASI KWA +255762285404 AU 0713354389 KWA USHAURI NA TIBA.
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